News South Africa

A slippery species to croak about

Myrtle Ryan|Published

You might be kept awake at night with their croaking.

You might shudder at the sight of them, but 2008 was the international Year of the Frog - a global campaign highlighting the plight of frogs, many of which are endangered through the deterioration of the environment.

One of the many bodies involved in the Year of the Frog was Durban's uShaka Marine World.

Jane Porter, Education Officer for Sea World at uShaka, said Southern Africa had 114 species of frog (and was still counting) whereas the UK had only six.

"People think frogs only live in wetlands, but because of the variety of habitats in this country, we have frogs that live in the desert, such as the desert rain frog in the Namibia, and those who burrow," said Porter.

"But often they are limited to a very small geographical zone."

People forget toads are also frogs.

Frogs have had their uses in medicine. Before modern-day pregnancy tests, South African biologists introduced Xenopus (platanna) tests to the world.

Urine from a woman was injected into the platanna's dorsal lymph sac. If she was pregnant, the frog would lay eggs within eight to 12 hours and a male would produce sperm.

However, the platanna was also responsible for killing off other frogs as it carried amphibian chytrid fungus.

Eighteenth-century biologist Luigi Galvani discovered the link between electricity and the nervous system through studying frogs; while more recently scientists were learning to use "frog juice" to help cure human diseases.

Australian tree frogs, for example, give off a chemical that helps heal sores on human skin; while a chemical from a frog that lives in Ecuador, South America, can be used as a painkiller.

The chemical is 200 times more powerful than a painkiller given to patients in hospitals.

Consequently international frog specialist John Daly maintains this is just one good reason to save the rain forests.

According to the Global Amphibian Assessment, Europe is losing amphibians at such a rate it might, by 2010, have lost amphibians it had only just begin to learn about.

The frog-awareness campaign, which involved seven facilities in South Africa - including uShaka Marine World; the National Zoo in Pretoria; Johannesburg Zoo; and Cape Town's Two Oceans Acquarium - is not over.

Dave Morgan, executive director of the African Association of Zoos and Aquaria, said they would still be liaising with provincial authorities to take the project forward into 2009.

Morgan said four amphibians in this country were critically endangered.

These are the Table Mountain ghost frog (found only on that mountain), Hewitt's ghost frog (found only in the mountains of the Eastern Cape), the Western Leopard toad (found only in Cape Town) and the Amatola Toad, found only in the Hogsback area of the Eastern Cape).

Showing that frogs have their appeal, Jean Lindsay of the New Germany Conservancy said they had some years ago gathered statistics for the Frog Atlas.

Now every December the conservancy holds its well-known Evening of Froggie Operatics at Alfred Park swamp forest in New Germany.

Porter said they were encouraging people to plant indigenous plants in their gardens and not rake up leaf litter.

"If you find you have frogs in your garden it means you've got a healthy garden," she said.